Free 300-410 sample questions

Correct answer: RTA10(config)# router ospf 1 RTAIO(config-router)# redistribute connected

Explanation: By default, Type 5 link-state advertisements (LSAs) do not include directly connected networks. To alter this behavior, you must execute the redistribute connected command in OSPF configuration mode. This command instructs the router to include these local interfaces in its advertisements, as follows: RTAIO(config)# router ospf 1 RTAIO(config-router)# redistribute connected You should not execute the command set that includes the redistribute static command. This instructs the router to advertise any statically defined routes that have been configured, instead of those that are local to the router. You should not execute the command set that includes RTAIO(config)# redistribute connected. The redistribute connected command is shown being executed at the wrong command prompt, and will generate an error message. It must be executed in the OSPF configuration mode and not global configuration mode. You should not execute the following command set: RTAIO(config)# router ospf 1 RTAIO(config-router)# network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.0 area 1 RTAIO(config-router)# network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.0 area 1 The network commands will cause the networks to receive updates from the router, but do not allow them to be advertised in Type 5 LSAs. Objective: Layer 3 Technologies Sub-Objective: Configure and verify redistribution between any routing protocols or routing sources -- References: Cisco > Home > Support > Technology Support > IP > IP Routing > Design > Design Technotes > Redistributing Connected Networks into OSPF

Correct answer: starvation, caused improper configuration of QoS queues

Explanation: This behavior is called starvation and is caused by improper configuration of QoS queues. When TCP and UDP flows are assigned to the same QoS queue, they compete with one another. This is not a fair competition because the TCP packets will react to packet drops by throttling back TCP traffic, while UDP packets are oblivious to drops and will take up the slack created by the diminishing TCP traffic. The results from mixing UDP and TCP traffic in the same queue are: • Starvation • Latency • Lower throughput While it is true that jitter can be caused by a lack of QoS, jitter is not what is being described in the scenario. Jitter is the variation in latency as measured in the variability over time of the packet latency across a network. This phenomenon seriously impacts time-sensitive traffic, such as VoIP, and can be prevented by placing this traffic in a high-priority QoS queue. While latency can be caused by the maximum transmission unit (MTU) in the network, this is not a case of latency, although latency may be one of the perceived effects of starvation. Latency is the delay in reception of packets. The MTU is the largest packet size allowed to be transmitted, and an MTU that is set too large can result in latency. While windowing can be caused by network congestion, this is not a case of windowing. This is a technique used to adjust the number of packets that can acknowledged at once by a receiving computer in a transmission. In times of congestion the window, or number of packets that can be acknowledged at a time, will be small. Later, when congestion goes down, the window size can be increased. Objective: Network Principles Sub-Objective: Describe UDP operations -- References: Design Guide > Service Provider Quality of Service > CE Guidelines for Collapsing Enterprise Classes > Mixing TCP with UDP

Correct answers: A Manually configured tunnels use the tunnel mode ipv6ip command, while GRE tunnels use the tunnel mode gre ip command.; Manually configured tunnels do not support multiple passenger protocols, while GRE tunnels support them.

Manually configured IPv4-to-IPv6 tunnels use the tunnel mode ipv6ip command to encapsulate IPv6 packets within IPv4 headers, while GRE tunnels use the tunnel mode gre ip command for Generic Routing Encapsulation. Additionally, manually configured tunnels are designed specifically for IPv6 transport and only support IPv6 as the passenger protocol, whereas GRE tunnels can carry multiple passenger protocols including IPv4, IPv6, IPX, and others. The other statements are incorrect because manually configured tunnels do not support IPv6 IGPs (they are point-to-point), and both tunnel types can forward IPv6 multicast traffic when properly configured.

Manually configured IPv4-to-IPv6 tunnels are purpose-built for IPv6 transport and only support IPv6 as the passenger protocol, while GRE tunnels support multiple passenger protocols including IPv4, IPv6, IPX, AppleTalk, and others due to their generic encapsulation design. The tunnel mode configuration also differs: manual tunnels use tunnel mode ipv6ip while GRE tunnels use tunnel mode gre ip. The incorrect options state that manual tunnels support IPv6 IGPs (they are point-to-point only) and that they block IPv6 multicasts (both tunnel types can forward multicast when configured properly).

Correct answer: show ip bgp

The show ip bgp command displays the BGP routing table entries, including network prefixes, next-hop addresses, AS paths, and other BGP path attributes. This is the standard command to view BGP table contents and learned routes. The other options are incorrect: show ip bgp table and show ip bgp topology are not valid Cisco IOS commands, while show ip bgp summary displays BGP neighbor relationships and session status rather than actual BGP table entries.

Correct answer: Update

Explanation: When an EIGRP router starts, it sends hello packets out of each interface. Neighboring routers respond with update packets. These update packets are sent reliably, and must be acknowledged with an ACK packet from the EIGRP router. EIGRP makes neighbor relationships simple. If a router hears a hello from a new neighbor, it sends that neighbor updates for all routes that it knows. This is different from Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), which has a complex series of rules governing how neighbor relationships are formed and how databases are synchronized. When changes to the network occur in OSPF, updates packets route reliable change information only to the affected routes. Queries and replies in EIGRP only occur when a router loses a route to a network and is actively seeking a replacement route. Objective: Layer 3 Technologies Sub-Objective: Describe EIGRP packet types -- References: Internetworking Technology Handbook > Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) > EIGRP Packet Types

Correct answers: A static default route is created on RouterA; The default route is redistributed into the EIGRP network

A, C -- Explanation: The given set of commands creates a static default route on RouterA and redistributes this route into the EIGRP company network. The ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0 command executed in the global configuration mode creates a static default route on the router. The ip route command allows you to specify a static route. The redistribute static metric 1000 1 255 1 1500 command then redistributes the static default route into the EIGRP autonomous system (AS) 200. This implies that the EIGRP network identifies the default route as an external route, and traffic to all unknown destination subnets will be diverted to the default route. Alternatively, default routes can be advertised into EIGRP networks by either of the following methods: • Using the network 0.0.0.0 command on the router • Using the ip summary-address eigrp 200 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command on the router A summary default route is not created on RouterA in the scenario. If the ip summary-address eigrp 200 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command was used on RouterA, then a summary default route would be created. The summary default route points to the 0.0.0.0 network with the nullO interface as the next-hop interface. Summary default routes are helpful for providing remote networks with a default route. The default route is advertised to the EIGRP network because the redistribute command was executed. This command is used to advertise the default route to the EIGRP network. Objective: Layer 3 Technologies Sub-Objective: Configure and verify default routing -- References: Cisco > Support > Technology Support > IP > IP Routing > Design > Design TechNotes > Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands Cisco > Support > Technology Support > IP > IP Routing > Technology Information > Technology White Paper > Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

A, C -- Explanation: The given set of commands creates a static default route on RouterA and redistributes this route into the EIGRP company network. The ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0 command executed in the global configuration mode creates a static default route on the router. The ip route command allows you to specify a static route. The redistribute static metric 1000 1 255 1 1500 command then redistributes the static default route into the EIGRP autonomous system (AS) 200. This implies that the EIGRP network identifies the default route as an external route, and traffic to all unknown destination subnets will be diverted to the default route. Alternatively, default routes can be advertised into EIGRP networks by either of the following methods: • Using the network 0.0.0.0 command on the router • Using the ip summary-address eigrp 200 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command on the router A summary default route is not created on RouterA in the scenario. If the ip summary-address eigrp 200 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command was used on RouterA, then a summary default route would be created. The summary default route points to the 0.0.0.0 network with the nullO interface as the next-hop interface. Summary default routes are helpful for providing remote networks with a default route. The default route is advertised to the EIGRP network because the redistribute command was executed. This command is used to advertise the default route to the EIGRP network. Objective: Layer 3 Technologies Sub-Objective: Configure and verify default routing -- References: Cisco > Support > Technology Support > IP > IP Routing > Design > Design TechNotes > Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands Cisco > Support > Technology Support > IP > IP Routing > Technology Information > Technology White Paper > Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Correct answer: show ip bgp summary

The show ip bgp summary command displays the status of all BGP neighbor connections in a concise tabular format, showing neighbor IP addresses, AS numbers, connection states, up/down time, and prefix counts. This command provides a quick overview of all BGP sessions and their current status. The other options are incorrect: show ip bgp displays the BGP routing table rather than connection status, show ip bgp connections is not a valid command, and show ip bgp neighbors summary has incorrect syntax.

Correct answer: Enable IPv6 routing

Explanation: The configuration indicates all steps are complete except for globally enabling IPv6 routing. If that had been done, the configuration output would have reflected it under the interface as follows: interface S0/0/1 ipv6 address 2001:610:FFFF:1::1/64 ipv6 ospf 100 area 0 ipv6 enable ipv6 router ospf 100 router-id 10.1.1.6 Prior to configuring OSPFv3 on an interface, it must be enabled globally. OSPFv3 is an OSPF version specific to IPv6. The following commands will globally enable OSPF v3. It will then be reflected by the ipv6 enable statement under the interface when viewing the configuration as shown in the fourth line of the output above. Router5(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Router5(config)# ipv6 ospf 100 Router5(config-rtr)# router-id 10.1.1.6 The problem is not the router ID. The configuration in the scenario does assign a router ID, as indicated by these lines: ipv6 router ospf 100 router-id 10.1.1.6 The problem is not the IPv6 address. The configuration does assign an IPv6 address to the interface, as indicated by these lines: interface S0/0/1 ipv6 address2001:610:FFFF:1::1/64 OSPF area 0 is not the problem. The configuration does place the interface in OSPF area 0, as indicated by these lines

Correct answers: BGP policy-based routing is performed on a router's inbound interface.; BGP policy-based routing will select the next-hop of the packet based on its source address.

BGP policy-based routing is performed on a routers inbound interface, where incoming packets are examined and routing decisions are made based on defined policies before normal routing table lookups occur. Policy-based routing can indeed select the next-hop based on packet characteristics like source address, allowing administrators to override default routing decisions. The incorrect options are wrong because policy-based routing does not alter the final destination address of packets (it changes the path, not the destination), and it affects local routing decisions rather than influencing path selection in downstream autonomous systems.

Policy-based routing can select the next-hop based on the packets source address, enabling administrators to route traffic differently based on where it originates rather than just its destination. This is implemented on the routers inbound interface where packets are first received and policy decisions are applied. The incorrect statements are wrong because policy-based routing modifies the forwarding path rather than changing packet destinations, and it operates locally on the router rather than influencing routing decisions in remote autonomous systems.

Correct answer: 172.16.0.0/16

Explanation: The auto-summary command can affect which networks, identified by using the network command, will be advertised. Using the existing BGP configuration, the router will not announce the 172.16.16.0/24 subnet. Instead, it will announce the classful address 172.16.0.0/16 when the IP routing table maintained by the IGP contains any subnet of that classful address. The network command directly affects what network is advertised in BGP. If the network command does not also include a network mask, and if auto-summary is enabled, the classful address of 172.16.0.0/16 is advertised any time that the router learns about a 172.16.0.0 subnet via its Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), such as OSPF or EIGRP. In the exhibit, the routing table does contain entries of the 172.16.16.0/24 and 172.16.24.0/24 subnets that were learned by using the IGP. If auto-summary is disabled by using the no auto-summary command, only networks in the routing table that are exact matches to the network commands are advertised. For example, to have the router announce only the 172.16.16.0/24 subnet learned via its IGP, you should alter the network command's IP address and include the subnet mask as follows: network 172.16.16.0 mask 255.255.255.0 A combination of network statements and route statements can be used to advertise a subset of networks that exist. Examine the output shown below: router bgp 68410 network 192.168.24.0 255.255.252.0 neighbor 172.16.8.5 remote-as 68441 ip route 192.168.24.0 255.255.252.0 null 0 The router is configured to advertise a summary route to the network 192.168.24.0 255.255.252.0. Consider the following networks: 192.168.24.0/24 192.168.25.0/24 192.168.26.0/24 192.168.32.0/24 If this router was connected to those networks, and received a packet destined for 192.168.25.1, it would successfully route the packet because the summary address (where the summarization is the result of the mask 255.255.252.0) is designed to include all of the subnets above except for 192.168.32.0/24. Therefore, all subnets except 192.168.32.0/24 will be advertised by the network and ip route statements with the summary mask. Note: Whenever changes are made to a routing policy or to an access list that is used by a routing policy, the change will not be reflected in the routing tables of the receiving routers until the BGP session has been cleared with the clear ip bgp command. The BGP synchronization rule specifies that networks will not be advertised or used via iBGP unless it also has been learned through an IGP. If synchronization is disabled, iBGP will advertise a