Free 702-100 sample questions

Correct answer: lookup file

In OpenBSD's `/etc/resolv.conf`, the `lookup` directive specifies the sources and order for name resolution. By setting it to `lookup file`, the system is instructed to ONLY use the `/etc/hosts` file for lookups and to not query any DNS servers (bind). This effectively blocks external DNS queries and meets the security requirement.

Correct answer: make install-recursive

In the FreeBSD ports system, the `make install` command will automatically fetch, extract, patch, configure, build, and install the software. Crucially, it also handles dependencies recursively. If a dependency is not found, the ports framework will descend into that dependency's port directory and build and install it first. The `install-recursive` target is an alias that makes this behavior explicit, but `make install` is the standard, idiomatic way to achieve this.

Correct answer: tar -cf /etc | xz > /backups/etc.tar.xz

This command correctly uses a standard Unix pipeline. `tar -cf - /etc` creates an archive of `/etc` and writes it to standard output (the `-` filename). The pipe `|` redirects this standard output to the standard input of the `xz` command, which compresses the data and writes it to its standard output. Finally, the `>` redirects the compressed output stream to the specified file `/backups/etc.tar.xz`. While BSD tar often has integrated compression flags (`-J` for xz), this pipeline method is the most portable and fundamental way to accomplish the task.

Correct answers: uname -a; sysctl -n kern.version

`uname -a` is a standard POSIX command available on all three BSD variants. It prints all available system information, including the operating system name, hostname, release level, version, and machine hardware name, making it a reliable first step for identification.

The `sysctl` utility is fundamental to all BSDs for querying kernel state. The `kern.version` MIB specifically contains a detailed string with the OS name, release, and build information. Using `sysctl -n kern.version` provides this data in a clean, scriptable format across FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD.

Correct answer: find /var/log -mtime -1 -type f -exec grep -il "error" {} +

This command correctly combines `find` and `grep`. `find /var/log -mtime -1 -type f` locates all regular files (`-type f`) in `/var/log` modified within the last 24 hours (`-mtime -1`). The `-exec grep -il "error" {} +` part is the most efficient way to process the results. It executes `grep` with `-i` (case-insensitive) and `-l` (list filenames only), passing multiple filenames found by `find` (`{}`) at once (`+`) to a single `grep` command, which is much more efficient than executing `grep` for every single file.

Correct answer: du -sh /*

The `du` command estimates file space usage. The `-s` flag provides a summary for each argument, and `-h` makes the output human-readable (e.g., KB, MB, GB). The glob `/*` expands to all files and directories directly under the root `/`, so `du -sh /*` will calculate and display the total size of each top-level directory individually, allowing the administrator to quickly identify the largest consumers of space.

Correct answer: True

True. Since OpenBSD 6.0, the `pkg_add` utility is configured by default to use `https://cdn.openbsd.org` for fetching packages. This simplifies the initial setup process as administrators no longer need to manually edit `/etc/installurl` to point to a suitable mirror.

Correct answer: /etc/ntp.conf

The standard configuration file for the `ntpd` daemon on NetBSD (and most other Unix-like systems, including FreeBSD) is `/etc/ntp.conf`. This file is used to specify the upstream time servers, restrict access, and configure other operational parameters of the NTP daemon.

Correct answer: pw useradd newdev -G wheel,webdev -s /bin/csh -d /usr/home/newdev -m

The `pw` command is the standard utility for user and group management in FreeBSD. The correct syntax is `pw useradd [username]`. The `-G` flag specifies supplementary groups. The `-s` flag sets the login shell. The `-d` flag sets the home directory, and `-m` is crucial as it creates the home directory if it doesn't exist. The `-g` flag (lowercase) sets the primary group, not supplementary groups.

Correct answer: traceroute -I remote.server.com

The `traceroute` command on BSD systems uses the `-I` (uppercase i) flag to specify the use of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets for probing, instead of the default UDP datagrams. This is often useful for bypassing firewalls that might block UDP but allow ICMP for diagnostics.